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Background : Gall Bladder is the most commonly resected organ for various Pathological conditions and most common specimen received in the laboratory. Cholelithiasis is the most common cause of Cholecystectomy. Association of Cholelithiasis and Gall Bladder Carcinoma is strong. Gall Bladder Adenocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor with incidious onset, rapid local invasion and progression. The frequency of incidental Carcinoma of Gall Bladder is also increasing and is estimated between 0.2% to 2.8%. Objectives of this study is to determine the various Gall Bladder lesion and detection of incidental Carcinoma in routine Histopathological study of Cholecystectomy specimens in 30-60 years age group. Materials and Methods : Total 556 Cholecystectomy cases were enrolled in the study and it was done for a period of one year from August, 2015 to July, 2016. The specimens received were fixed in 10% formalin and were examine grossly and processed routinely. Sections were stain with Haematoxiline and Eosine stain and Microscopic findings were noted. Results : out of 556 cases 124 were male 432 were female with M:F = 1:3.5. Most commonly affected age group is 30-40 years. Non-neoplastic (98.6%) cases are more than Neoplastic (1.4%) cases. Among Non-neoplastic cases most common Histopathological diagnosis was Chronic Cholecystitis (83.4%). All Neoplastic cases were malignant tumors involving the age group 40-60 years (P=0.04) and M:F=1:7. Histopathologically all were Adenocarcinoma. Prevalence of Gall Bladder Carcinoma was 1.4% and prevalence of incidental Carcinoma was 0.89%. Conclusion : Routine Histopathological analysis of all Gall Bladderr specimens after Cholecystectomy operation is mandatory for detection of various Pathological conditions and diagnosis of Gall Bladder Carcinoma specifically incidental Carcinoma which help in proper management the cases. However more studies with large numbers of cases are recommended for evaluation of incidence of incidental Carcinoma
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Introduction: Granulocytic sarcoma or myeloid sarcoma also known as chloroma is a rare extramedullary tumour which may occur as a manifestation of acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or blast crisis in chronic myeloproliferative disorder or may precede systemic leukaemia. Most common site includes skin, soft tissue and lymph nodes. Orbit is most commonly involved in paediatric age group. Case Report: A case of 51 years old female was admitted in department of haematology, presented with multiple nodules in nasal cavity, forehead, bilateral arms and whole abdomen. Bone marrow aspiration cytology shows 21% myeloid blast with transformation of the CML to AML.FNAC was done from multiple nodules which showed plenty of myeloid precursors and blast and diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was given. BCR-ABL study came out positive and karyotyping for haematological malignancy showed t (5; 12)(q31;24.3). Patient was given chemotherapy, but showed no improvement. Conclusion: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare malignant solid tumour in adults. Diagnosis of GS has been a problem for pathologist because of relatively immature nature of tumour cells and mostly misdiagnosed as Non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diagnosis of GS is considered as an adverse prognostic factor but early confirmation of diagnosis and treatment initiation might improve the prognosis.
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Introduction: Melanocytic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy(MNTI) is an uncommon pigmented neoplasm of neural crestorigin, occurs mainly in the head and neck region speciallymaxilla. It shows slight male predominance . Melanocyticneuroectodermal tumor (MNTI) of testis is rare, properdiagnosis and differentiation from small round cells tumours(SRCT) is important as treatment modalities of these tumorsare quite different.Case report: Here we present a case of MNTI of testis inan eleven month old male which was clinically diagnosed asteratoma. A distinctive morphology and immunohistochemistryplay important role in postoperative diagnosis of this tumor.Conclusion: Treatment of MNTI is surgical excision withclear margins and follow up.
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Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnosed head and neck neoplasms commonly originated from cervical lymph node, thyroid, parotid and other salivary glands. In this study a correlation was done between cytology and histopathology whenever surgical specimens are available along with application of immunological markers in problematic cases. Aim: To assess the frequency of various benign and malignant neoplasms in different age group and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck neoplasms. Junu Devi, Kunja Lal Talukdar. Evaluation of diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck neoplasms with application of immunological markers in selected cases – A hospital based study to enhance early detection, diagnosis and management. IAIM, 2017; 4(1): 20-37. Page 21 Materials and methods: The study was conducted between September 2011 to August 2014 and total 336 cases of head and neck neoplasms were analysed. Patients between 1 to 80 years were included in the study. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnosis was correlated with histopathology whenever possible. Results: Out of 336 head and neck neoplasms 164 (48.81%) were from cervical lymph node, 47 (13.99%) were from thyroid, 82 (24.40%) were from salivary glands, 5 (1.49%) were nasal mass and 38 (11.31%) were from other site (skin, soft tissue, orbit). M: F was 1.07: 1. Most commonly affected age group was 41- 60 years. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most commonly encountered neoplastic lesion. Over all sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 98.08%, 96.23%, 97.46% respectively. Cytologically and histologically consistent and inconsistent cases showed t = 2.722, p < 0.05. Few problematic cases 15(4.46%) needed immunohistochemical analysis for confirmation. Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a highly sensitive, specific and has a definite role in diagnosing most of the head and neck neoplasms.
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Background: Accounting for less than 2% of all human neoplasms, salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and it comprises a morphologically diverse group of rare tumors. FNAC has been employed in pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland tumor as essential diagnostic tool to diagnose swelling in major and some minor salivary glands. Superficial locations of salivary glands make them suitable for FNAC. Objectives: To find out the frequency of different types of salivary gland tumors in a hospital based samples and make clinicopathological correlation. Material and methods: FNAC of all 84 patients was done using 22 gauge needle and 10 ml syringe applying negative pressure, smears were either wet fixed or air dried and stained by Papanicolau and Giemsa stains respectively. Histopathological examination was done whenever available and was compared with FNAC diagnosis. Results: In this study, overall male predominance with male to female ratio was 1.4: 1. Maximum number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms occurs in 3rd decade of life. Incidence of malignant and benign parotid neoplasms was 32.14% and 67.86% respectively. Parotid was the most commonly affected salivary gland. Benign tumors were more common in parotid gland however, malignant tumor. Conclusion: FNAC is a simple quick inexpensive and minimally invasive technique to diagnose different types of salivary gland tumor. It could easily differentiate benign from malignant neoplasms and can be helpful for management of patient. Thus, FNAC can be recommended as first line of investigation in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.